Tupac Amaru II's Rebellion

Jose Gabriel Condorcanqui (Tupac Amaru's grandson), better known as Tupac Amaru II was born in 1738 in Surimana (Tinta). His parents were Miguel Condorcanqui and Rosa Noguera. He studied in Cuzco at the San Francisco de Borja school. He took the name of his ancestor Tupac Amaru, who was the last Inca executed by the Spaniards in Cuzco. He was a well-educated man, and he knew law. In 1776 he presented a petition to have the Indians freed from their forced labor in mines. After the court´s refusal in Lima, he decided to take a more radical path. In 1780 he began one of the most important rebellions in the history of Peru.

On November 4,1780, the Spanish administrator was taken prisioner at Tinta, and he was executed in the plaza on the 9th of November. The cause was the abuse of Indians in the region. On November 26th he declared the end of slavery. Two days later he headed the battle of Sangarara, where the rebels defeated the royalist army. His movement spread rapidly, and he got the support of almost all the inhabitants in Cuzco, but he rapidly lost the support of the mestizos and criollos, who were threatened by the Spaniards. He was captured in April of 1781, and he was sentenced to be tortured and executed (he was killed by being drawn and quartered on the main plaz in Cuzco) with his wife and son. His rebellion continued for 2 years, headed by his parents and brothers. Thereafter all the descendants of the Incas were once again traced and many were executed.A group of ninety were sent to Spain where most died in prisons.

When the Creole (mestizo) aristocracy of Peru won independence from Spain the Indigenous people suffered even greater atrocities, particularly the loss of community lands. A system of chattelism was imposed in exchange for the right to live on haciendas and maintain a few animals. Agrarian reform was not initiated in Bolivia until 1953. In Peru in 1969 a revolutionary military junta decreed a land reform law. At Hacienda Sollocota the enslavement of 100 native Incan families ended when the junta presented them title to their ancestoral lands. On that day, during a great celebration with traditonal music and dancing, one of those given ownership stated to this author, "We have waited four hundred years for our freedom, and today we are free."

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Academia Semillas del Pueblo

"If Brown (vs. Board of Education) was just about letting Black people into a White school, well we don’t care about that anymore. We don’t necessarily want to go to White schools. What we want to do is teach ourselves, teach our children the way we have of teaching. We don’t want to drink from a White water fountain...We don’t need a White water fountain. So the whole issue of segregation and the whole issue of the Civil Rights Movement is all within the box of White culture and White supremacy. We should not still be fighting for what they have. We are not interested in what they have because we have so much more and because the world is so much larger. And ultimately the White way, the American way, the neo liberal, capitalist way of life will eventually lead to our own destruction. And so it isn’t about an argument of joining neo liberalism, it’s about us being able, as human beings, to surpass the barrier."

- Marcos Aguilar (Principal, Academia Semillas del Pueblo)

 




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