Difference between revisions of "Tonalli"
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! Tonalli !! Trecena !! Ceremony | ! Tonalli !! Trecena !! Ceremony | ||
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− | | 4-Ollin || 1-Ocelotl || | + | | 4-Ollin || 1-Ocelotl || During this feast they offered, to the image of the sun, quail, and they offered incense. And at noon they slew captives before it in honor of the sun. On the same day, all drew blood from their ears-children and those who were grown-in honor of the sun, and they offered it that blood. |
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− | | | + | | 7-Xochitl || 1-Ocelotl || On this day, all the painters and seamstresses celebrated a feast. They fasted some for forty days, others for twenty, in order to prevail over chance, in order to paint well and to weave textiles well. For this purpose they offered quail and incense, and performed other ceremonies-the men to the teotl Chicome Xochitl, and the women to the teotl Xochiquetzal. |
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− | | | + | | 1-Mazatl || 1-Mazatl || On this day, they celebrated a feast to the teteo who are named cihuapipilti, because they said that then they came down to the earth. They adorned their images with papers and offered them offerings. |
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− | | | + | | 2-Tochtli || 1-Mazatl || This feast was dedicated to the teotl Izquitecatl and all the other Teteo of wine. On this day they adorned his image very well on his teocalli, and offered him things to eat, and they sang and played musical instruments before him. And in the courtyard of his teocalli they set a large open jar of wine, and those who were wine merchants filled it to overflowing, and all who wished went to drink. They had some canes through which they drank. The wine sellers kept feeding the large jar, so that it was always full. Mostly, those who had newly cut the maguey did this. The first syrup which they took out they took to the teocalli as first fruits. |
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| Example || Example || Example | | Example || Example || Example |
Revision as of 20:12, 5 July 2014
Tonalli has three meanings: day, heat of the sun, and luck. [1]
Contents
Tonalli as day
A day in the Anahuaca calendar is a combination of a day number, 1-13 and a day sign, Cipactli-Xochitl. There are 260 unique day signs together known as the tonalpohualli because 260 is the resulting product when 13 is multiplied by 20. This 260 day cycle was used for divination in Pre-Cuauhtemoc times. Each day sign was considered to be good, bad, indifferent, or both good and bad depending on the various influences of the day numbers and day signs. The day number 13 for example was considered to be the luckiest and most powerful day whereas a day sign like malinalli was bad because it is associated with beasts. Many of the surviving Pre-Cuauhtemoc codices contain a complete tonalamatl (book of days) which were consulted by a Tonalpouque (interpreter of day signs)on important days such as childbirth and marriage. Various Teteo were assigned to both the day numbers and the day signs and are widely described as patrons in this context.Relation to the Xiuhpohualli
The tonalli differs from the cempoalilhuitl because it is considered to be "movable" whereas the cempoalilhuitl is considered to be "fixed." This is the result of the inability to match the tonalpohualli with with the solar year exactly. As a result, in one solar year there is one complete tonalpohualli cycle with 105 additional days. Therefore a particular tonalli such as 5-Cuetzpallin in one solar year will fall in a completely different place in subsequent years and will only fall at the same time of the year every 52 years.
The Movable Feasts
Tonalli | Trecena | Ceremony |
---|---|---|
4-Ollin | 1-Ocelotl | During this feast they offered, to the image of the sun, quail, and they offered incense. And at noon they slew captives before it in honor of the sun. On the same day, all drew blood from their ears-children and those who were grown-in honor of the sun, and they offered it that blood. |
7-Xochitl | 1-Ocelotl | On this day, all the painters and seamstresses celebrated a feast. They fasted some for forty days, others for twenty, in order to prevail over chance, in order to paint well and to weave textiles well. For this purpose they offered quail and incense, and performed other ceremonies-the men to the teotl Chicome Xochitl, and the women to the teotl Xochiquetzal. |
1-Mazatl | 1-Mazatl | On this day, they celebrated a feast to the teteo who are named cihuapipilti, because they said that then they came down to the earth. They adorned their images with papers and offered them offerings. |
2-Tochtli | 1-Mazatl | This feast was dedicated to the teotl Izquitecatl and all the other Teteo of wine. On this day they adorned his image very well on his teocalli, and offered him things to eat, and they sang and played musical instruments before him. And in the courtyard of his teocalli they set a large open jar of wine, and those who were wine merchants filled it to overflowing, and all who wished went to drink. They had some canes through which they drank. The wine sellers kept feeding the large jar, so that it was always full. Mostly, those who had newly cut the maguey did this. The first syrup which they took out they took to the teocalli as first fruits. |
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Teteo Day Number Assignments
Tlapohualmachiyotl | Teotl | Tototl |
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1 | Xiuhtecuhtli | Blue Hummingbird |
2 | Tlaltecuhtli | Green Hummingbird |
3 | Chalchiutlicue | Hawk |
4 | Tonatiuh | Quail |
5 | Tlazolteotl | Eagle |
6 | Mictlantecuhtli | Screech Owl |
7 | Centeotl | Butterfly |
8 | Tlaloc | Eagle |
9 | Quetzalcoatl or Ehecatl | Turkey |
10 | Tezcatlipoca | Horned Owl |
11 | Chalmecatl or Mictlantecuhtli | Macaw |
12 | Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli | Quetzal |
13 | Ilamatecuhtli | Parrot |
Teteo Day Sign Assignment
Tlanahuatia | Day Sign | Machiyotl | Teotl |
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1 | Crocodile | Cipactli | Tonacatecuhtli |
2 | Wind | Ehecatl | Quetzalcoatl |
3 | House | Calli | Tepeyollotl |
4 | Lizard | Cuetzpallin | Huehuecoyotl |
5 | Serpent | Coatl | Chalchiuhtlicue |
6 | Death | Miquitzli | Tecciztecatl |
7 | Deer | Mazatl | Tlaloc |
8 | Rabbit | Tochtli | Mayahuel |
9 | Water | Atl | Xiuhtecuhtli |
10 | Dog | Itzcuintli | Mictlantecuhtli |
11 | Monkey | Ozomahtli | Xochipilli |
12 | Grass | Malinalli | Patecatl |
13 | Reed | Acatl | Tezcatlipoca-Ixquimilli |
14 | Jaguar | Ocelotl | Tlazolteotl |
15 | Eagle | Cuauhtli | Red Tezcatlipoca or Xipe Totec |
16 | Vulture | Cozcacuauhtli | Itzpapalotl |
17 | Movement | Ollin | Xolotl |
18 | Flint | Tecpatl | Chalchiuhtotolin |
19 | Rain | Quiauitl | Tonatiuh |
20 | Flower | Xochitl | Xochiquetzal |